Various experiments to compare Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in two or more RNA samples from each different organism were conducted in accordance with the instruction of User Manual using the ACPs of the GeneFishing™ DEG Premix Kits. As exemplary results, the following are agarose gel photographs we obtained with the use of a limited number of ACPs. The DEGs on agarose gel shown below represent a typical pattern of results to be generated from your experiments. Not to mention, the number of PCR products can be various depending on the type of sample or treatment. The DEGs are marked at the arrows. M represents 100bp ladder.

A. GeneFishing for Cancer Biomarkers from Blood Samples

GeneFishing™ Technology discovered new biomarker candidates for lung cancer from blood samples. This discovery promises the possibility that cancer biomarkers can be simply detected from blood samples and also that many cancers can be further diagnosed by a simple and inexpensive blood test. The data related to cancer biomarkers in blood using GeneFishing will be updated as they are revealed.

A-1. DEG Screening for Human Blood Samples
(normal vs. lung cancer vs. atopic dermatitis)

Fig. 1. An agarose gel photograph showing cancer-specific DEG biomarker candidates obtained from using GeneFishing DEG Premix Kit. Total RNAs were isolated from a small amount of human blood samples of normal, lung cancer, and atopic dermatitis and they were used for DEG screening. The DEGs among the three samples are marked at the arrows on the pictures. N: normal blood. L: lung cancerous blood. A: atopic dermatitis.

A-2. DEG Screening for Human Blood Samples
(normal vs. lung cancer)

Fig. 2. Agarose gel electrophoresis showing new cancer biomarker candidates for human lung cancers using GeneFishing's arbitrary primers.
Total RNAs were isolated from different human normal and lung cancerous blood samples and they were used for GeneFishing DEG (Differentially Expressed Gene) screening. The DEGs between normal and lung cancerous blood samples were detected by using GeneFishing's arbitrary/dT ACP primer pairs. In order to give credence to the possibility that the DEG biomarker could be used to detect lung cancers, six RNA samples isolated from each of three different normal and lung cancerous blood samples were tested using the same arbitrary/dT ACP pairs. Each above picture demonstrates DEG biomarker candidates showing different expression levels in association with lung cancers: high expression level (panel A and B, LC1~3) and low expression level (panel C and D, LC1~3). The arrows indicate Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between normal and lung cancerous blood samples. N: normal blood. LC: lung cancerous blood. M: 100 bp DNA ladder.

B. Mouse Conceptus Tissues (E4.5 vs. E11.5 vs. E18.5)

Fig. 3. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during mouse conceptus development are displayed on agarose gel.
Arrows indicate DEGs. The two-stage PCR was performed using 3 different arbitrary ACPs (right picture). The 10 DEG clones are confirmed by Northern blot analysis (right picture). MW: Forever 100 bp Ladder personaliser.

C. Human Brain Tissues (Normal vs. Tumour)

Fig 4. An agarose gel photograph showing DEGs obtained from human brain normal and astrocytic Tumour tissues using four different arbitrary ACPs.
The DEGs are marked at the arrows. A: human normal tissue. B: human Tumour brain tissue. M represents 100 bp ladder.

D. Human Stomach Tissues (Normal vs. Tumour)

Fig 5. An agarose gel photograph showing DEGs obtained from human stomach normal and Tumour tissues using three different arbitrary ACPs.
The DEGs are marked at the arrows. A: human normal tissue. B: human stomach cancer tissue. M represents 100 bp ladder.

E. Soybean Root (7day root vs. 7day root nodule)

Fig 6. An agarose gel photograph showing DEGs obtained from 7day soybean root and 7day soybean root nodule using three different arbitray ACPs.
The DEGs are marked at the arrows. A: 7-day-old soybean root. B: 7-day-old soybean root nodule. M represents 100 bp ladder.