Target Viruses

Virus Information

Origin

• In 1953 Rowe found the adenovirus in adenoid culture, leading to respiratory organ disease of an acute form, such as colds and ophthalmologic disease.
• In 1962 the human adenovirus was discovered to be calcinogenic, meaning it can convert the characteristic form and quality of rodent cells, in vitro.
• Gene transfer vector for gene therapy.

General Shape

• 60 - 90nm, polyhedron style virus with no envelope and having a DNA double helix as it's genome.

Pathological Features

• There are 49 serotypes of adenovirus.
• It induces infection of the respiratory tract, eye and gastrointestinal tract and has a specific type related with a particular disease.
• Most infection is transferred from humans. Mainly transferred through respiratory organ secretion or secretion of the eye.
• It causes epidemicity conjunctivitis that is transferred through swimming pools, dust and ophthalmologic utensils, and acute respiratory disease, ARD, similar to influenza.
• There is no anti-viral medicine yet.

Virus Information

Origin

• In 1937, as a virus detected for the first time in the rooster. It is named after that symptom of a virus that is similar with heliometer corona because of the projection of clavation exists on the envelope surface. Human coronavirus induces respiratory organ infection such as the common cold.
• 2002 SARS virus.

General Shape

• 60 - 90nm, enveloped spherical virus with an envelope and a projection constructed of clavation on it's envelope’s surface.
  -Its genome is a single strand of RNA that does not splinter, and it's polarity is positive.
• 5' CAP and 3' poly exist on the genome and the genome itself is infectious because it acts as mRNA.
• Genome is about 27 - 30kb size, the nucleocapsid proteins (N) are combined and form spiral nucleocapsids. Large number of club-shaped projections exist on the envelope and three kinds of envelope proteins have been confirmed.
• Large number of club-shaped projections exist on envelope and three kind of envelope proteins has confirmed:
  E1 (M protein/membrane glycoprotein)
  E2 (S protein/club shaped projection)
  E3 (HE protein/hemmagglutinin and esterase)

Pathological Features

The cause of respiratory organ and intestine disease in humans and animals is classed by 4 groups as a feature of antigenic and genetic. Among them Coronavirus 229E/NL63, Coronavirus OC43 is the cause of the common cold of symptoms similar to rhinovirus infection.

• Induces infectious disease such as colds or pharyngitis in humans, developing symptoms of coryza, sniffles and coughs and becoming a spontaneous curepass at about 6 ~ 7 days.
• Rarely, infection causes complex symptoms in the central nervous system.
• SARS virus:
  As a type of coronavirus, it's a pathogenic organ of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
• Disease that happen from the southern part of China and spread worldwide:
  1,730 people were infected and 270 of them died, in Hong Kong:
  emerging virus that is transferred from animals.
• There is no special medical treatment or preventive measure.

Virus Information

Classification

They are classified as A, B and C according to different antigens in the outer protein covering.

1. influenzavirus A

• This influenzavirus was separated when an outbreak of influenza occurred all over the world.
• Confirmed in both humans and animals.
• Cause of most influenza epidemics that appear at present.

2. influenzavirus B

• In 1940, B influenzavirus was separated when an outbreak of influenza occurred all over the world.
• Confirmed in humans.

3. influenzavirus C

• In 1949, C influenzavirus was separated when an outbreak of influenza occurred all over the world.
• Weak disease with no effect on public health.

General Shape

• 80 - 120nm virus that has helical nucleocapsid with envelope. Negative sense RNA virus including 8 segments RNA which has 10 virus protein genes. Segmented genome has ability to change antigenic mutation of influenza virus and has characteristics that provoke disease every year.

Pathological Features

• Why influenza spread is common every year is because A and B type strain keep changing antigenic shift or antigenic drift.
• There were at least ten major influenza pandemics over the last 250 years, and influenza epidemic by type A virus happens every 2 - 3 years.
• Symptoms are fevers that provoke chills, aches, anorexia and so on. In some cases it induces viral pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia, leading to death.
• Because influenza infects respiratory organs it is highly contagiousness.
  It's inapparent infection rate is high, so it can infect many people at once.
• Amantidine or rimantadine anti-viral medicines are the treatment.

Classification

It can be divided into 4 types according to its genetic and antigenic propensities.

Pathological Features

• Mainly, respiratory organ infection is triggered in infants or young children (types 1~3)
  Type 4 is not shown in air duct infection. This disease can sometimes cause serious illness.
• It's symptoms are similar to the common cold and display rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchopneumonia or croup.
• Most of infection is an inapparent infection and transfered through respiratory organ.

Virus Information

Origin

• In 1956 Morris reported a virus that lead to infection of the upper air duct in a chimpanzee. We named it pathogenic organ chimpanzee coryza agent because it was separated from the chimpanzee when first caught.

  Before long it's name changed to RSV because a resemblant virus is detached in a child suffering from pneumonia, and RSV affected cells have a tendency to fuse and form syncytia in the laboratory.

General Shape

• RSV can create 10 virus proteins as non-segmented, negative strand RNA virus.

Pathological Features

• Early infection is generated in the upper respiratory tract. This virus proliferated in respiratory organ epithelia and lead to Pyeyeom.
• It mainly infects infants younger than 8 months and can cause symptoms of bronchial catarrh, laryngitis and Pyeyeom.
• It Is transferred by respiratory organ and suitable vaccine has not yet been developed.

Virus Information

Origin

• Human metapneumovirus separated from patient of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
• Human metapneumovirus belonging to Paramyxoviridae was separated first in 2001. It was assumed to have been prevalent throughout mankind for at least 50 years by serological research.

Pathological Features

• Causing infection similar to Respiratory syncitial virus infection clinically. Mainly cause serious Bronchiolitis, pneumonia in upper air duct but usually, it is known that the level of serious illness is light in contrast with this collective illness.
• More detail is not known but it is known as that there is co-infection with RSV.
• Although we can't exclude possibility of co-infection with pathogenic organ, the possibility of pathogen is very high because of belonging to paramyxovirus.

Virus Information

Introduction

• This virus is responsible for the most common cold and has over one hundred kinds of serotypes.

General Shape

• About 30nm, naked icosahedral nucleocapsid virus with no envelope and a single strand RNA genome.

Pathological Features

• This virus causes acute fever with upper respiratory organ infection; the common cold.
• Because it's not an enterovirus, it is a respiratory virus that is transmitted through respiratory organs, not food.
• The effectiveness of vaccination is low is due to it's high number of serotypes.
• There is no antiviral, but Pleconaril and interferon alfa are presently being studied.